Daban-daban Nau'ikan Sanduna / Waya
Sandunan walda da wayoyi sune mahimman kayan aiki a cikin walda, an rarraba su dangane da abubuwan da suke aiki da su. Sandunan walda sun haɗa da carbon karfe sanduna, fiye da amfani da janar waldi na carbon da low-alloy karfe, bakin karfe sanduna, wanda ke ba da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata don aikace-aikacen bakin karfe, da jefa sandunan ƙarfe, manufa don gyare-gyare da haɗuwa da kayan aikin simintin ƙarfe. Wayoyin walda, a daya bangaren, sun hada da wayoyi masu ƙarfi masu garkuwa da gas ana amfani da su a cikin MIG/MAg waldi don tsabta da ingantaccen walda, wayoyi masu walda don submerged baka waldi a cikin aikace-aikace masu nauyi, TIG walda wayoyi don daidaitattun walda masu inganci a masana'antu kamar sararin samaniya da kera motoci, da wayoyi masu juyi, wanda ke haifar da iskar gas a lokacin walda kuma sun dace da yanayin waje. Zaɓin sandar da ya dace ko waya yana tabbatar da ƙarfi, abin dogaro, da walda masu inganci.
Carbon Karfe Electrode
Bakin Karfe Electrode
Cast Iron Electrode
Waya Welding Qasa Mai Garkuwar Gas
Waya Welding Mai Ruwa-Baka
Argon-arc Welding Waya
Waya Welding mai Flux-Cored
Daban-daban Girman sandar walda
Sandunan walda suna zuwa da girma dabam dabam don ɗaukar aikace-aikacen walda daban-daban, kayan aiki, da buƙatun aikin. Girman sandar walda yawanci tana nufin diamita, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tantance yawan adadin da ake buƙata, adadin ajiya, da kaurin ƙarfen da zai iya walda. Common diamita jeri daga 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) ku 5/32 inch (4.0 mm) kuma bayan, tare da kowane girman da ya dace da takamaiman ayyuka. Ƙananan sandunan walda, kamar 1/16 inci ko 3/32 inch (2.4mm), su ne manufa don bakin ciki kayan da m waldi jobs inda daidaici yana da muhimmanci. Waɗannan ƙananan sanduna suna buƙatar ƙananan amperage kuma ana amfani da su sau da yawa don ƙirƙira haske, aikin ƙarfe, ko gyare-gyare inda ƙarancin shigar da zafi ya zama dole don gujewa warping ko ƙonewa. Sanduna masu matsakaicin girma, kamar 1/8 inch (3.2 mm), suna cikin mafi yawan nau'o'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) wanda aka yi amfani da su saboda suna daidaita ma'auni mai kyau tsakanin adadin ajiya da ƙarfin walda. Suna aiki da kyau don ayyukan walda na gabaɗaya, gami da aikin tsari, walda bututu, da gyaran kayan aiki, kuma suna iya ɗaukar matsakaicin kauri yayin kiyaye sarrafawa da inganci. Manyan sandunan walda, kamar 5/32 inci ko ma 3/16 inch (4.8 mm), sun dace da aikace-aikacen walda mai nauyi, kamar kauri farantin karfe, gini, da ayyukan masana'antu. Waɗannan sanduna suna buƙatar amperage mafi girma kuma suna ba da ƙimar ajiya mafi girma, ƙyale masu walda su cika manyan gidajen abinci da sauri da inganci. Zaɓin madaidaicin girman sanda ya dogara da kauri na kayan tushe, matsayi na walda, da nau'in haɗin gwiwa da ake welded. Misali, walda a tsaye ko sama yakan amfana da kananan sanduna, saboda suna da sauƙin sarrafawa da samar da ƙarancin narkakkar ƙarfe. Sabanin haka, wurare masu lebur ko a kwance suna iya ɗaukar manyan sanduna don ajiya mafi girma. Bugu da ƙari, diamita, tsayin sanda, wanda yawanci ya fito daga 12 inci (300 mm) ku 18 inci (450 mm), yana rinjayar tsawon lokacin walda kafin a cinye sandar, tare da dogon sanduna suna da inganci ga manyan walda. Fahimta da zaɓin girman sandar walda da ya dace yana tabbatar da ingantaccen ingancin walda, inganci, da aiki, saboda kai tsaye yana tasiri abubuwa kamar zurfin shigar ciki, bayyanar ƙwanƙwasa walda, da ƙarfin weld ɗin ƙarshe. Zaɓin girman da ya dace yana da mahimmanci don samun tsabta, abin dogaro, da sakamako mai inganci a cikin aikace-aikacen walda mai haske da nauyi.
Amfani da Electrode A Welding
Wutar lantarki tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a tsarin waldawa, tana aiki azaman matsakaici wanda ke haifar da baka kuma yana sauƙaƙe haɗakar ƙarfe. A cikin walda, ana iya rarraba na'urorin lantarki kamar mai amfani ko mara amfani, dangane da ko sun narke a lokacin aikin walda. Na'urorin lantarki masu amfani, kamar waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a ciki Garkuwar Karfe Arc Welding (SMAW), MIG (Metal Inert Gas), kuma juyi-core baka waldi, Ba wai kawai gudanar da halin yanzu don samar da baka ba amma har ma narke don samar da kayan filler wanda ke haɗawa da karfen tushe. Waɗannan na'urorin lantarki galibi ana lulluɓe su ko haɗa su da ruwa, wanda ke ba da kariya ga tafkin walda ta hanyar samar da iskar gas da slag don hana gurɓata daga iskar oxygen, nitrogen, da sauran abubuwan yanayi. Na'urorin lantarki marasa amfani, kamar tungsten electrodes da aka yi amfani da su TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) waldi, gudanar da halin yanzu don samar da baka amma kar a narke; maimakon haka, ana amfani da sandar filler daban don haɗa karafa. Electrodes suna da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar ƙaƙƙarfan walda masu ɗorewa ta hanyar tabbatar da shigar da ya dace da haɗa karafa da ake haɗawa. Sun bambanta a cikin abun da ke ciki-kamar carbon karfe, bakin karfe, kuma aluminum- don daidaita takamaiman ƙarfe na tushe da yanayin walda. Nau'in da suturar lantarki suna tasiri halayen walda, kamar kwanciyar hankali, ƙarfi, da bayyanar. Zaɓin da ya dace na na'urar lantarki ya dogara da abubuwa kamar matsayin walda, kaurin abu, nau'in halin yanzu (AC ko DC), da yanayin da ake yin walda. Gabaɗaya, na'urorin lantarki suna da mahimmanci wajen samar da tsaftataccen walda masu inganci a masana'antu tun daga gine-gine da kera motoci zuwa ginin jirgi da aikin gyarawa, tabbatar da daidaiton tsari da aiki mai dorewa.
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